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CAMBODIA lies between 10°and 15°N latitude and 102°and 108°E longitude. The country is bordered by Thailand, Lao PDR, and Vietnam, and faces the Gulf of Thailand. It is in AEZ 3, characterized as warm humid tropics. The climate is tropical monsoonal characterized by a short rainy season, prolonged dry season, and irregular occurrence of rainfall both from year to year and within years. Most rain falls from May to mid-November. Often, a 10-to 15-day dry spell (called the short dry season) occurs in July or August. The population in 2000 was 12 million. Eighty percent of the population is rural; agriculture makes up 43% of the GDP. General information - GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 1,440
- Internal renewable water resources: 88.1 km3
- Incoming water flow: 410 km3
- Main food consumed: rice, meat, maize, fruits, roots and tubers
- Rice consumption, 1999: 165.2 kg milled rice per person per year
Production constraints
There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Cambodia: - Drought in rainfed areas, especially during the dry spell during July or August
- Flooding in low-lying areas because of torrential rains
- Sandy and acidic soils with low fertility
- Security situation and land mines
- Weeds, insects (stem borers and gall midge), and diseases
- Shortage of draft power during peak periods
- Rural poverty
- Inadequate infrastructure, inadequate credit and input supply: seed and fertilizers
- Price fluctuation
Production season | | | | Planting | Harvesting | Main season | Jun-Jul | Nov-Jan | Dry season | Nov-Jan | Apr-May | Basic statistics, Cambodia |
| 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | Rice | Area harvested (ha) | 1,345,000 | 1,740,000 | 1,782,000 | 1,961,000 | 2,079,000 | 1,873,000 | Yield (t/ha) | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | Production (t) | 1,812,000 | 2,500,000 | 3,318,000 | 3,515,000 | 4,041,000 | 3,762,000 | Rice imports (t) | 55,000 | 25,800 | 81,000 | 39,200 | 36,400 | na | Rice exports (t) | 3,935 | 0 | 0 | 600 | 2,200 | na | Others | Population, total (x103) | 7,385 | 8,652 | 9,982 | 10,716 | 10,945 | na | Population, agriculture (x103) | 5,520 | 6,388 | 7,184 | 7,589 | 7,710 | na | Agricultural area (x103 ha) | 3,170 | 5,349 | 5,307 | 5,307 | na | na | Irrigated agricultural area (x103 ha) | 180 | 240 | 270 | 270 | na | na | Total fertilizer consumption (t) | 0 | 7,800 | 9,800 | 12,716 | na | na | Tractors used in agric. (no.) | 1,233 | 1,200 | 1,190 | 1,190 | na | na | Source: FAOSTAT online database. | Click here for a pdf of this information
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