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The Republic of GHANA, a small (240,000 km2 ), tropical West African country bordering the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean, is predominantly agricultural (40% of GDP), with 60% of the workforce employed in agriculture on wide savannas in the north and cleared rainforest in the south. Deforestation and desertification are of increasing concern. The population in 1999 was 19.7 million.
General information
- GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 1,910
- Internal renewable water resources: 30.3 km3
- Incoming water flow: 22.9 km3
- Main food consumed: roots and tubers, maize, oil and fat, fruits, millet and sorghum
- Rice consumption, 1999: 8.8 kg milled rice per person per year
Production constraints
- The major constraints to sustainable rice production in Ghana are
Drought in upland areas and drought and flash flood in rainfed lowland (or inland swamp) areas because of irregular weather
- Lack of suitable varieties for irrigated and rainfed lowland (or swamp) areas
- Inadequate and irregular input supplies: seeds, fertilizer, and credit
- Lack of small farm equipment, especially for postharvest operations
- Lack of effective farmers' organizations and cooperatives
- Poor maintenance of irrigation facilities
- Lack of well-defined rice policies
- Poor road networks and marketing systems
- Labor shortage because of competition from other crops
- Weak research and extension support
Production season |
|
|
|
Planting |
Harvesting |
Main season
|
May-Jun |
Oct-Nov |
Off-season
|
Jan-Feb |
May-Jun |
Basic statistics, Republic of Ghana |
|
1985 |
1990 |
1995 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
Rice |
Area harvested (ha) |
68,000 |
49,000 |
99,900 |
130,400 |
130,000 |
130,000 |
Yield (t/ha) |
1.2 |
1.7 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
Production (t) |
80,000 |
80,900 |
201,720 |
193,600 |
209,750 |
209,750 |
Rice imports (t) |
60,000 |
113,000 |
106,000 |
77,986 |
69,131 |
na |
Paddy imports (t) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,718 |
31 |
na |
Rice exports (t) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
108 |
734 |
na |
Paddy exports (t) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
166 |
67 |
na |
Others |
Population, total (x103) |
12,933 |
15,128 |
17,649 |
19,162 |
19,678 |
na |
Population, agriculture (x103) |
7,723 |
8,870 |
10,130 |
10,858 |
11,104 |
na |
Agricultural area (x103 ha) |
12,400 |
12,605 |
12,900 |
13,628 |
na |
na |
Irrigated agricultural area (x103 ha) |
7 |
8 |
11 |
11 |
na |
na |
Total fertilizer consumption (t) |
12,500 |
13,000 |
9,700 |
15,140 |
na |
na |
Tractors used in agric. (no.) |
4,120 |
4,120 |
3,700 |
3,570 |
na |
na |
Source: FAOSTAT online database. |
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