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SENEGAL is a West African country facing the Atlantic. It surrounds The Gambia and is bordered by Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, and Guinea Bissau, with an area of 197,000 km2. The country has mainly low plains, with foothills in the east. Twelve percent of the land is arable; 60%of the workforce in the population of 9.2 million (1999) is engaged in agriculture, which makes up 19%of the GDP.
General information
- GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 1,480
- Internal renewable water resources: 26.2 km3
- Incoming water flow: 13 km3
- Main food consumed: rice, millet and sorghum, oil and fat, wheat, sugar and honey
- Rice consumption, 1999: 71.2 kg milled rice per person per year
Production constraints
There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Senegal:
- Heat-induced sterility at the end of the off-season in irrigated areas
- Cold-induced sterility in December
- Shortage of water in the dry season
- Poor maintenance of irrigation facilities
- Cheap, low-quality rice imports
- Inadequate and irregular input supplies: seeds, fertilizer, and credit
- Lack of small farm equipment, especially for postharvest operations
- Competition for labor by other production activities
- Lack of a well-implemented rice policy
- Weak research and extension support
- Acid sulfate soils in the south (Casamance)
- Periodic drought, affecting rainfed lowlands and uplands
Production season |
|
|
|
Planting |
Harvesting |
Main season |
Jun-Jul |
Oct-Dec |
Off-season |
Feb-Mar |
Jun-Jul |
Basic statistics, Senegal |
|
1985 |
1990 |
1995 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
Rice |
Area harvested (ha) |
78,153 |
72,957 |
68,966 |
45,405 |
95,884 |
95,884 |
Yield (t/ha) |
1.9 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
Production (t) |
147,005 |
181,119 |
155,152 |
123,519 |
239,786 |
239,786 |
Rice imports (t) |
342,372 |
391,513 |
441,205 |
557,066 |
625,160 |
na |
Paddy imports (t) |
0 |
20,942 |
258 |
na |
na |
na |
Rice exports (t) |
0 |
1 |
1 |
800 |
7 |
na |
Paddy exports (t) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
na |
na |
na |
Others |
Population, total ( x 10 3 ) |
6,375 |
7,327 |
8,330 |
9,003 |
9,240 |
na |
Population, agriculture ( x 10 3 ) |
5,019 |
5,621 |
6,271 |
6,695 |
6,841 |
na |
Agricultural area ( x 10 3 ha) |
8,050 |
8,094 |
7,965 |
7,916 |
na |
na |
Irrigated agricultural area ( x 10 3 ha) |
90 |
94 |
71 |
71 |
na |
na |
Total fertilizer consumption (t) |
20,500 |
12,004 |
16,200 |
26,800 |
na |
na |
Tractors used in agric. (no.) |
460 |
490 |
550 |
550 |
na |
na |
Source: FAOSTAT online database. |
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