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SPAIN , in southwestern Europe, has an area of 505,000 km2, including the Balearic and Canary islands. The mainland faces both the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. It consists of a central plateau mainly surrounded by mountainous areas. Thirty percent of the land is arable, but agriculture now forms only 3.2% of the GDP and occupies 8% of the workforce. There are extensive rice-growing areas in the southwest and northeast.
General information
- GNI per capita PPP$, 2000: 19,260
- Internal renewable water resources: 110.3 km3
- Incoming water flow: 1 km3
- Main food consumed: meat, oil and fat, wheat, sugar and honey, milk
- Rice consumption, 1999: 7.6 kg milled rice per person per year
Production constraints
Rice production and yield have increased substantially during the last five years. There are several constraints to sustainable rice production:
- Low temperature
- Stagnation of the yield potential of rice varieties
- High production costs
- Blast
- Limited water supply
- Salinity in rice soils
- Red rice
Production season |
|
|
|
Planting |
Harvesting |
Main season |
Apr-May |
Sep-Oct |
Basic statistics, Spain |
|
1985 |
1990 |
1995 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
Rice |
Area harvested (ha) |
74,581 |
90,387 |
54,500 |
112,700 |
112,100 |
115,200 |
Yield (t/ha) |
6.2 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
7.1 |
7.5 |
6.9 |
Production (t) |
462,253 |
571,330 |
329,500 |
796,300 |
845,100 |
797,800 |
Rice imports (t) |
26,382 |
152,806 |
179,317 |
82,426 |
85,836 |
na |
Paddy imports (t) |
10,540 |
81,840 |
151,955 |
24,346 |
21,912 |
na |
Rice exports (t) |
111,915 |
178,060 |
179,645 |
284,716 |
314,634 |
na |
Paddy exports (t) |
13 |
15,649 |
11,968 |
21,334 |
17,230 |
na |
Others |
Population, total ( x 10 3 ) |
38,474 |
39,303 |
39,568 |
39,628 |
39,634 |
na |
Population, agriculture ( x 10 3 ) |
5,736 |
4,762 |
3,778 |
3,280 |
3,128 |
na |
Agricultural area ( x 10 3 ha) |
30,712 |
30,472 |
29,719 |
30,080 |
na |
na |
Irrigated agricultural area ( x 10 3 ha) |
3,217 |
3,402 |
3,527 |
3,640 |
na |
na |
Total fertilizer consumption (t) |
1,734,144 |
1,975,901 |
1,868,700 |
2,106,800 |
na |
na |
Tractors used in agric. (no.) |
633,210 |
740,830 |
805,593 |
841,932 |
na |
na |
Source: FAOSTAT online database. |
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