Rice cultivation significantly contributes to methane emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas that accelerates climate change. Traditional flooded rice fields are a major source of methane, making rice production a serious environmental concern. Globally, rice production accounts for approximately ten percent of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.

In recent years, new rice production methods such as direct seeded rice, alternate wetting and drying, and improved varieties have emerged as alternatives that offer potential benefits in terms of water use and labor efficiency. However, scientific evidence on the methane emission potential of these systems is limited. Existing emission data are often generalized and do not account for the effects of different soils, climates, varieties, or management practices, making it difficult to guide policy or mitigation strategies effectively.

The REMET-Rice Project focuses on generating reliable data on methane emissions from a range of rice ecosystems, practices, and interventions. This involves on-ground monitoring of emissions, analysis of contributing factors, and development of updated emission estimates. These accurate, region-specific data help improve national greenhouse gas inventories and support in structuring effective climate policies and incentive mechanisms, including carbon credit schemes.

The initiative also works to identify climate-friendly rice varieties and crop management practices that reduce methane release. Strengthening national capacity for greenhouse gas measurement and integrating findings into policy frameworks are also other key goals.